Speaker: Maegan Huber
Alberta’s boreal sand hills represent a unique intersection of geological, ecological, and archaeological
processes. Formed during the late Pleistocene between approximately 15.6 and 13.5 cal ka BP, these landlocked
dune complexes emerged through extensive deglaciation and subsequent aeolian activity.
Unlike the unvegetated dunes typically associated with coastal or arid environments, Alberta’s boreal dunes are
predominantly forested, with vegetation playing a crucial role in their formation, stabilization,
and long-term preservation. As post-glacial climates shifted and plant communities expanded, the dunes
became increasingly stabilized, developing into the forest-covered landforms visible today.
Archaeologically, the boreal sand hills stand out as ecologically distinct features that would have offered
past peoples strategic advantages. Their elevated crests provided vantage points for hunting, while
adjacent wetlands supported diverse flora and fauna, creating resource-rich zones ideal for habitation and
travel. The dunes’ well-defined margins and interconnected ridge-lines also facilitated efficient movement
across otherwise challenging muskeg terrain. Archaeological surveys consistently demonstrate that these dune
systems contain higher site densities than surrounding landscapes, indicating intensive and repeated use.
Collectively, the geological history, ecological distinctiveness, and archaeological richness of Alberta’s boreal
sand hills highlight their significance as key cultural and environmental landmarks within the province’s post-
glacial landscape.